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it 的用法完全概括

2022-04-08 02:42:37

1. 指代事物或性別不明確的動(dòng)物

You can not eat your cake and have it. 事難兩全。

Come on, it says to go. 走啊,信號(hào)燈放行了。

She went up to the cat and started stroking it. 她走上前去,開(kāi)始撫摸那只貓。

“What's the sound?” “It's the wind shaking the door.” “是什么聲音?”“是風(fēng)吹門(mén)。”

 

2. 指代嬰兒、未知的人、未確定的人、人的身份或境況,或表示誰(shuí)做某動(dòng)作

Look at the baby. Isn't it lovely? 瞧那嬰兒,多可愛(ài)?。?/span>

“Who's that?” “It's Jim.” “誰(shuí)呀?”“吉姆。”

The landlord! Here it comes. 是房東??!他來(lái)了。

“What's the noise?” “It is only the boy.” “是什么聲音?”“就是那個(gè)男孩。”

A tall man came in, smiling. It was Captain Cook. 一個(gè)高個(gè)子男人微笑著走了進(jìn)來(lái),他是庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)。

A:Someone is at the door. 門(mén)口有人。

B:Who is it?誰(shuí)呀?

【提示】

① 這種用法的it可以指復(fù)數(shù)名詞。

如:“Who is making so much noise?”“It must be the children.”“誰(shuí)這么吵?”“那一定是孩子們。”

② it可有下面這種用法,表示強(qiáng)調(diào):

Thus when he spoke it was in a sharper voice. 所以,他說(shuō)話時(shí)那口氣就更加嚴(yán)厲了。

When she rushed out, it was to call a taxi. 她匆忙跑出去是為了叫出租車。

③ 在下面的句子中,it指代后面的名詞,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

如:It was shocking, that accident. 那個(gè)事件使人十分震驚。

It's a nuisance, this delay. 這么耽擱下去,太討厭了。

④ 注意下面兩句:

What a clever girl it is! 多么聰明的姑娘?。。ㄓ糜诟袊@句表示親密)

What a mean man it is! 多么卑鄙的人啊?。ㄓ糜诟袊@句表示鄙視)

 

3. 電話用語(yǔ)中

“Who is it speaking?” “It's Sam.” “是哪位?”“我是薩姆。”

Hello, it's Silva here. Is Polly there, please? 喂,我是西爾瓦,請(qǐng)問(wèn)波莉在嗎

 

4. 指天氣、時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、環(huán)境等

It's raining. 下雨了。

It was a bitterly cold night. 那是一個(gè)非常寒冷的夜晚。

It's Friday tomorrow. 明天星期五。

It's spring now. 現(xiàn)在已是春天了。

It will soon be Christmas. 圣誕節(jié)快到了。

It's noisy here. 這兒很吵鬧。

It's very lonely here. 這兒太冷清了。

It is twenty miles to the zoo. 到動(dòng)物園有20英里。

How far is it from here to the beach? 從這里到海邊有多遠(yuǎn)?

It is very quiet here. 這里很安靜。

 

5. 作先行代詞,代替不定式,作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)

以it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, prove, think, suppose, deem,count, regard等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用作表語(yǔ)的名詞有:pity, pleasure, shame等; 常用作表語(yǔ)的形容詞有:easy, important, vital, necessary, difficult等。本結(jié)構(gòu)中,被替代的成分要置于句尾。

如: I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand. 我認(rèn)為還是事先告訴她好。

It is of great help to master a foreign language. 掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)有很大幫助。

We shall leave it to him to settle the matter. 我們將讓他來(lái)解決這件事。(=It is left to him to ...)

It's a pleasure for me to be here. 我很高興來(lái)這里。

It's important to reconsider the matter. 重新考慮這件事很重要。

 

6. 作先行代詞,代替動(dòng)名詞

it 代替動(dòng)名詞,主要用于下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中:

It is no good/fun/no help/no use/useless/senseless/dangerous/enjoyable/worthwhile等+動(dòng)名詞

It is a waste/a nuisance/hard work等+動(dòng)名詞

It's no good talking with her. 同她說(shuō)沒(méi)有用。

It's much fun playing on the beach. 在海邊玩耍真好玩。

It's well worth getting there half an hour earlier. 很值得提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)那里。

It is worthwhile making another try. 再試一次是值得的。

It is hard work persuading him into doing it. 說(shuō)服他做那件事很難。

I think it wrong doing it this way. 我覺(jué)得這樣做是錯(cuò)的。

It is wonderful, swimming in summer. 夏天游泳真快活。

It wouldn't do your going alone. 你自己去不行吧。

It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你同他說(shuō)是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

It is very risky, your going off in such a hurry. 你這樣匆忙去是很危險(xiǎn)的。

It has been just splendid meeting you here. 在這里見(jiàn)到你,真是太好了。

It was the merest chance his getting scholarships. 他得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的機(jī)會(huì)太小了。

I know it's awful my coming here. 我知道自己來(lái)這里是很煞風(fēng)景的。

I find it a waste spending so much money drinking and eating. 我認(rèn)為把這么多錢(qián)花在吃喝上是一種浪費(fèi)。

 

7. 作先行代詞,代替名詞性從句

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞性從句可用that,what,when等引導(dǎo)。例如:

It is a shame that they were cheated. 他們受了騙,真是太不像話了。

Has it been found out who is the murderer?查明誰(shuí)是兇手沒(méi)有?

It is not known what caused the accident. 不知道事故的起因。

It is a mystery when they got married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)的婚是個(gè)謎。

It's no business of yours what I think. 我怎么想不關(guān)你的事。

He wants to make it clear whether you still love him or not. 他想弄弄清楚你是否還愛(ài)他。

We have made it clear that she has nothing to do with the case. 我們已經(jīng)弄清楚她與這個(gè)案子無(wú)關(guān)。

She resented it terribly that her brother refused to help. 她哥哥拒絕幫助,她因此非常氣憤。

I knew what it would mean to our family that Mother had lost her job. 我知道母親失去了工作對(duì)家庭意味著什么。

It is obvious that metals in common use are very important in our life. 顯而易見(jiàn),普通金屬對(duì)我們的生活非常重要。

I owe it to you that I have survived the disaster. 多虧了你我才逃過(guò)一劫。(=It is owed to you that...)

 

8. 在it seems strange,it looks likely/unlikely, it appears probable, it is (not) likely等結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)

這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的it為形式主語(yǔ),指代后面的句子,可作轉(zhuǎn)換。

如: It's likely that the criminal is hiding in the cave. 罪犯很可能藏在山洞里。

It looks very unlikely that we will be finished by January. 看來(lái)我們1月份完成的可能性不大。

It appeared highly probable that his parents would stop his allowance. 似乎極有可能他父母不再給他零用錢(qián)。

It seems strange that my name isn't on the list. 我的名字不在名單上,這似乎很奇怪。(可轉(zhuǎn)換為:That my name isn't on the list seems strange.)

【提示】在“It seems/appears/(so) happens/chanced/transpired/came about/turned out+that-從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,it為虛設(shè)主語(yǔ)(不是形式主語(yǔ),不可作轉(zhuǎn)換),that-從句不是動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),而是一個(gè)外置的分句,但不存在非外位的形式。

“It may/could be+that-從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的that-從句也是一種分句外位結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)可能性,也不存在非外位的形式。

如:It happened that the weather was exceptionally hot. 碰巧天氣異常炎熱。

It may be that she no longer lives here. 也許她不住在這里了。

Could it be that you left your umbrella in the shop? 你是不是把傘丟在商店里了?

It seems that no one really knows where he's gone. 似乎沒(méi)有人真正知道他去了哪里。

It appears that there has been a change in the plan. 計(jì)劃好像做了修改。

It finally transpired that he had not a single penny in his pocket.最后得知他口袋里連一個(gè)便士也沒(méi)有。

It seems that your shoes need seeing to.[√]你的鞋好像得修補(bǔ)了。

That your shoes need seeing to seems. [×]

同樣,我們可以說(shuō):It is said that the tree is 1,500 years old .但不可說(shuō):That the tree is 1,500 years old is said.

 

9. 用于獨(dú)立句中

it還常同be動(dòng)詞和with連用,構(gòu)成獨(dú)立的句子,為習(xí)慣用法。

如:It is all gone with her. 她一切都完了。

It is all over with it. 一切都過(guò)去了。

It is well with him. 他一切都很好。

It is always so with boys. 男孩子就是這樣。

It fared well with us. 我們生活得很好。

How is it with your wife? 你太太好嗎?

 

10. 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中

無(wú)指代關(guān)系,也無(wú)實(shí)義,去掉“it is ... that ...”三個(gè)詞后,剩余的詞仍能單獨(dú)組成一個(gè)完整的句子。如:It is the drink that does it. 那是喝酒造成的。

It was Jane who paid the meal yesterday. 昨天的飯錢(qián)是簡(jiǎn)付的。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 正是從太陽(yáng)那里我們得到了光和熱。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

 We get light and heat from the sun. 我們從太陽(yáng)那里得到光和熱。(非強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)

 

11. 可以用來(lái)替代整個(gè)句子或句中某個(gè)部分所表示的意思,前指或后指(參閱上文)

He is a scholar and he looks it. 他是個(gè)學(xué)者,看上去也像。

He hates children, and it is strange. 他不喜歡孩子,這很奇怪。

John is an idiot, and he looks it. 約翰是個(gè)白癡,一看就知道。

They are strong and should be it. 他們強(qiáng)大,也應(yīng)該強(qiáng)大。(=strong)

He's a teacher, and he looks it. 他是教師,看上去也是當(dāng)教師的。

It's quite true, all that she told us. 她告訴我們的都是真的。

It's a nuisance, this noisy fan. 這臺(tái)噪聲很大的電扇真討厭。

“Do you like watching the sunset?”“Yes, I thoroughly enjoy it.” “你喜歡看落日嗎?”“太喜歡了。”

“The couple got divorced last week.” “Who would have thought of it?” “那對(duì)夫妻上周離婚了。”“誰(shuí)會(huì)想到呢?”(指代整個(gè)句子The couple got divorced last week.)

Though no one knew it,it would be the last time he would be present at the meeting. 誰(shuí)也不知道這將是他最后一次參加會(huì)議了。

He helped me a lot during my college years. I shall never forget it. 在我讀大學(xué)的年月里,他曾給了我許多幫助,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。

Mrs. Anderson is already past fifty,but she doesn't look it. 安德森夫人已年過(guò)五十,但看不出來(lái)。

You are much stronger now, though you may not look it. 現(xiàn)在你身體結(jié)實(shí)多了,雖然你看上去還不那么結(jié)實(shí)。

It's known to all of us, his great achievements in this field. 他在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的巨大成就,我們都知道。

A:When can we come to visit you?我們可以什么時(shí)候來(lái)看你?

B:Any time you feel like it. 隨時(shí)都可以。

 

12. it 組成的慣用語(yǔ)

it同動(dòng)詞結(jié)合可以組成慣用詞組,這種用法的 it 無(wú)明確指代關(guān)系,也無(wú)明確語(yǔ)義。

如:Bother it! 討厭!

Confound it! 討厭!

Take it easy. 別著急,慢慢來(lái)。

You're in for it. 你要倒霉了。

That must be it. 準(zhǔn)是那么回事。

That is about it. 差不多是這樣。(=nearly the case)

That's it. 那正是我想知道的。(=something I want to know)

The man is so badly injured that I'm afraid he has had it. (沒(méi)希望了,不行了)

Go it!We'll back you up. 加油!我們會(huì)支持你的。

Win or lose,we'll stick it out.不論輸贏,我們都將堅(jiān)持到底。

I footed it all the way. 我一路走著來(lái)的。

Go it while you're young. 趁年輕,好好干。

I'll give it him hot. 我要好好教訓(xùn)他一頓。

Hang it all. We can't leave now. 見(jiàn)鬼!我們現(xiàn)在不能離開(kāi)。

We had a nice time of it. 我們玩得很愉快。

You're asking for it. 你是自討苦吃。

At last we've made it. 我們終于成功了。

Go it on your own! 自己動(dòng)手做吧!

Go it alone! 自個(gè)兒做吧!

Make a run for it! Run! 快跑!快!

He decided to rough it on his vacation. 他決定簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單過(guò)個(gè)假期算了。

There is nothing for it but to stand. 沒(méi)有別的辦法,只能忍耐一下。

 

13. for it的含義

The ruler lorded it over the people. 那個(gè)統(tǒng)治者欺壓百姓。

She had a very thin time of it in those years. 那些年里,她過(guò)得可真難。

He spent a tiring day of it weeding the field. 他在田里除了一天草,非常疲憊。

I can't stand it any longer. I'm resigning. 我再也忍受不了了,我要辭職。

The worst of it is the house isn't even paid for yet. 最糟糕的是,這房子還沒(méi)有付錢(qián)。

Just because he got a higher mark he really thinks he's it. 他因?yàn)榉謹(jǐn)?shù)比別人高就自以為了不起。

You'll catch it if your father finds you doing that. 要是你父親發(fā)現(xiàn)你那樣,他會(huì)責(zé)備你的。

It says in the Bible that the snake lures Adam and Eve to eat the Forbidden Fruit. 圣經(jīng)上說(shuō),蛇引誘亞當(dāng)和夏娃偷吃了禁果。

其他常見(jiàn)的有:

go it alone獨(dú)自做

make it做到/起到/辦成

battle it out 決出勝負(fù)

hit it猜對(duì)/說(shuō)中

beat it 走開(kāi)/滾開(kāi)

cheese it停止

hop it快溜

foot/walk it步行

brave it out拼著做到底

tram it坐電車去

cab it乘車

bus it坐公共汽車去

train it坐火車去

taxi it坐出租車去

boat it坐船去

pig it過(guò)困苦生活

tube it坐地鐵去

king it做帝王/統(tǒng)治

dog it擺闊氣

queen it當(dāng)女王/統(tǒng)治

leg it逃走

inn it住旅館

hoof it 逃走

hotel it住旅館

trip it 長(zhǎng)途旅行

cool it平靜下來(lái)

go it blind瞎做

Dash it! 混賬!

get it挨罵

chance it 碰碰運(yùn)氣

hike it 步行

boss it 盛氣凌人

hang it out 怠工

a hard time of it 過(guò)得艱難

hang it 該死

Deuce take it! 見(jiàn)鬼!

an easy time of it 愉快的時(shí)間

Damn it!該死!

be hard put to it 處于困境

a thin time of it 不愉快

have the worst of it 遭到失敗

a tiring day of it 疲勞的一天

make a revenge of it 報(bào)復(fù)

brazen it out 厚著臉皮硬挺

make a jolly life of it 過(guò)得快活

fight it out一決雌雄/做到底

draw it fine 區(qū)別得十分精確

rough it生活困頓/艱難地生活

duke it out 打出個(gè)輸贏

come it達(dá)到……目的/成功地做……

come/go it strong做得過(guò)分/過(guò)分夸大

call it a day今天就做到這里/到此為止

just for the hell of it只是為了好玩

as luck would have it碰巧/不湊巧/倒霉

face it out把……堅(jiān)持到底/撐到底

take it out of somebody拿……出氣

cut it fine (在時(shí)間,金錢(qián)等方面)算得幾乎不留余地

make the best of it 以隨遇而安的態(tài)度對(duì)待不利情況

 

14. it that 可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句

take,hide,see to,insist on,depend on,count on,rely on 等后的賓語(yǔ)從句要求用 it that引導(dǎo)。

如:I take it that he's not interested in the book. 我猜想他對(duì)這本書(shū)不感興趣。(猜想,認(rèn)為)

She hid it that she was married. 她隱瞞了她已結(jié)了婚。(隱瞞)

He saw to it that the work was finished on time. 他確保工作按時(shí)完成。(確保)

take it that you have been out. 我以為你出去了。

He insisted on it that we set off before noon. 他堅(jiān)持我們午前出發(fā)。

You may depend upon it that we'll never desert you. 你可以相信,我們不會(huì)不管你的。

You can put it that it was arranged beforehand. 你可以認(rèn)為這是早先安排好的。

I will answer for it that she is a qualified accountant. 我愿擔(dān)保她是個(gè)稱職的會(huì)計(jì)師。

You may rely on it that everything will be all right. 你可以放心,一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。

took his word for it that he would take part in the TV debate. 我聽(tīng)他這么說(shuō),以為他真的要參加這次電視辯論。

【提示】see to it that, insist on it that, no doubt about it that 結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞和it??墒÷?。

如:I'll see (to it) that the job is done properly. 我將保證這項(xiàng)工作做得妥妥當(dāng)當(dāng)。

He insisted (on it) that everyone should come to the party. 他堅(jiān)決要求每個(gè)人都參加晚會(huì)。

for it可以表示“應(yīng)付的手段或方法,因此,受罰”等。

如:There is nothing for it but to wait. 別無(wú)他法,只能等待。(辦法)

It is none the better for it. 這并不因此而好些。(因此)

She will be in for it. 她會(huì)倒霉的。(倒霉)

He had to run for it. 他必須快跑。(以躲避大雨等)

He made a bolt for it. 他趕快逃走了。

 

15. have it that的含義

have it that結(jié)構(gòu)意為“……說(shuō)”。

如:Legend has it that there is a dragon in the lake. 據(jù)傳說(shuō),這個(gè)湖里有一條龍。

Rumor has it that he has escaped into the forest. 據(jù)謠傳,他逃到森林里去了。

The newspaper has it that the president will resign. 報(bào)上說(shuō)總統(tǒng)將要辭職。

take it that (猜想,認(rèn)為)不可同 have it that (說(shuō))混淆。

 

16. Who is it 和Who is that

Who is it?問(wèn)的不是具體的人,it 泛指任何人。Who is that?問(wèn)的是明確具體的人,that 指具體“某人”。聽(tīng)到有人在敲門(mén),你要說(shuō)的是:Who is it?看見(jiàn)有人在閱覽室里讀報(bào),你要問(wèn)的是:Who is that?

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